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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for bicycle theft
3 results foundAuthor: Ekblom, Paul Title: Final report WPA2 of ‘Bike Off 2 – Catalysing Anti Theft Bike, Bike Parking and Information Design for the 21st Century Summary: This is the report on one of the Work Packages of the Bikeoff 2 project, funded by AHRC/EPSRC Design for the 21st Century. WPA2 is about „Standard generation through application of CCO framework‟. The standards in question apply to secure bicycle parking facilities. CCO – the Conjunction of Criminal Opportunity – is a conceptual framework for providing a unified theoretical map of immediate causes of criminal events, and an equivalent map of preventive interventions intended to block, weaken or divert those causes. The interventions can be created and implemented through products, places and communications which are deliberately designed to influence the causes of crime. In the present case the events and the interventions relate to bicycle parking, but the framework is generic. The output of WPA2 is intended to complement guidance obtained from a compilation of existing secure cycle parking experience, under WPA1, as modified by public contributions from a user Wiki. In fact, the wider aim, of which WPA2 is a preparation, is to compare design recommendations obtained from the two sources, the one theoretical, the other experiential. More details are in the introduction. The relevant section of the project application (April 2006) states: This project aims to generate a ‘Secured By Design” standard for bicycle parking and in so doing test Ekblom’s model of the ‘Conjunction of Criminal Opportunity’ as an appropriate framework for standard generation. To deliver this research the work packages will identify and generate standards, using different methodologies, in order to evaluate the efficacy of the standards, and the ‘fitness for task’ of the methodologies that generated them. The standards we generate will be combined to provide a definitive ‘Secured By Design’ standard for cycle parking. The definitive standard will be evaluated and ‘evolved’ by potential users, such as engineers, designers, cycle parking specifiers and providers and cyclists (users of that the facilities the standard seek to inform). The present report describes the process of adapting the CCO framework – quite significantly as it transpired – to fit in with the demands of the design process (and designers‟ ways of thinking). The purpose of the adapted framework was twofold: first, to develop a systematic method of crime risk analysis that was suited to the design field; and second, to translate the identified risks into the design recommendations which constitute the output of this work package. Part 1 introduces the approach to crime prevention evolving within the Design Against Crime Research Centre at Central Saint Martin‟s College of Art & Design, University of the Arts, London; and in particular, how this approach involves activity at a number of different levels, from preventive operations aimed at tackling crime at specific sites to developing innovative capacity to transfer to designers. It then describes the Bikeoff project within this context, sets the scene for the current Work Package, discusses the concept of standards and guidelines, and reviews sources of knowledge for developing designers‟ capacity, including CCO (as a „digest‟ of theory) and experience (as from reviews of existing designs). Part 2 sets out the CCO approach to crime prevention and design as it was at the start of the current project – CCO Classic. It first shows how CCO originated as a means of unifying crime prevention theories and classifying diverse practice, and ended up as a dual conceptual framework for mapping out the immediate causes of criminal events and the corresponding intervention principles that serve to prevent them. Key ideas are introduced covering Situational Crime Prevention, causal mechanisms (how crimes happen and how interventions work) and the importance of context. This is followed by an account of how in principle CCO can guide Design Against Crime and why it seems well-suited to the task; and how it came to be used, and tested, in the Bikeoff project. That process of bringing a theoretical criminological framework together with design and designers in fact caused CCO to evolve in several significant ways, documented next. These modifications included combining CCO with additional concepts such as crime „scripts‟ and moving from the consideration of crime in general to that of different kinds of crime risk, handled by the Misdeeds & Security framework. (These developments have more general implications for some of the traditional tenets and assumptions of Situational Crime Prevention.) To distinguish this new version from CCO Classic, this became known as CCO Dynamic. During the development process it also became clear that the scope of the Work Package, originally aimed at producing CCO standards, in fact would only meaningfully deliver CCO-based guidance. Part 3 describes how CCO Dynamic was applied to the task of generating guidance for securing bike parking furniture and facilities. It covers the overall procedure for generating design guidance using CCO Dynamic; the development of the underlying framework for analysing the risks; the development of the framework for the response to that risk, namely for design guidance; and finally the complete prescriptive design guidance output. Part 4 supplies a brief conclusion. How CCO performed in generating guidance for bike parking security, in comparison with the designers‟ experience (so-called „Best of Breed compilation), is reported in a subsequent document (WP4). Details: London: University of Arts London, 2009. 135p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 8, 2011 at: http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/2174/1/WPA2_Ekblom_Jan_09_CCO.pdf Year: 2009 Country: International URL: http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/2174/1/WPA2_Ekblom_Jan_09_CCO.pdf Shelf Number: 123267 Keywords: Bicycle TheftCrime PreventionDesign Against Crime |
Author: Lammy, David Title: Taking Its Toll: the regressive impact of property crime in Britain Summary: The police and the courts are turning a blind eye to theft, burglary and shoplifting which makes up three quarters of all recorded crime committed in England and Wales, according to the Rt Hon David Lammy MP, one of the Labour party's leading Mayoral candidates. The report highlights how large swathes of property crime goes unreported, especially among independent shopkeepers, with people having little faith in the ability of the police to bring the perpetrators to justice. A poll of 400 members of the National Federation of Retail Newsagents carried out as part of the research discovered that over half of all respondents had been the victim of two or more shoplifting incidents in the preceding three months yet over a third (35%) doubted the police's ability to successfully prosecute shoplifters. Less than 1 in 10 incidents of shoplifting is reported to the police. Other figures in the report emphasise the problem: - Only two thirds of burglaries are reported to the police - Half of burglary victims never hear back from the police after reporting a crime - 19,000 incidents of bicycle theft were reported to the Metropolitan Police in 2013-14 yet only 666 (3.5%) of these thefts were solved The paper also argues that shoplifting from smaller retailers such as newsagents has virtually been decriminalised in the eyes of the law. The Anti Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014, set the threshold for a 'serious' shoplifting offence at good valued $200 or higher. Yet the median value of a shoplifting incident from a convenience store is around $40. The paper also highlights how the courts are failing to tackle the problem of repeat offending: - Half of all offenders sentenced for theft offences in the year to June 2014 had 15 or more previous convictions or cautions. This represents 62,000 offenders in one year alone - 45 per cent of offenders cautioned for theft offences had already received a caution or conviction for a previous offence - Half of all fines imposed by courts go unpaid - The only recourse a magistrate has to address non-payment of fines is six months imprisonment The report makes a series of recommendations to address property crime including: 1.Restoring ward-level neighbourhood policing teams consisting of a sergeant, two constables and three Police Community Support Officers and ensure they focus their efforts on preventing and solving local property crime. 2.Giving magistrates flexibility to enforce unpaid court fines through means other than six months imprisonment 3.Implementing a penalties escalator for repeated theft. Courts should be able to break the caution-fine-reoffending cycle by increasing the sentence for reoffending. 4.Making it compulsory for new police recruits to walk the same beat for at least a year - and preferably two years - after they complete training. 5.Introducing New York Compstat-style data sharing between police forces to pinpoint crime trends and hotspots 6.Establishing a Crime Prevention Academy to improve crime prevention expertise within police forces Details: London: Policy Exchange, 2015. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 18, 2015 at: http://www.policyexchange.org.uk/images/publications/taking%20its%20toll.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.policyexchange.org.uk/images/publications/taking%20its%20toll.pdf Shelf Number: 134947 Keywords: Bicycle TheftBurglaryNeighborhood PolicingPolicingProperty Crimes (U.K.)Repeat OffendersShopliftingStealingTheft |
Author: Nettle, Daniel Title: 'Cycle Thieves, We Are Watching You': Impact of a Simple Signage Intervention against Bicycle Theft Summary: Bicycle theft is a serious problem in many countries, and there is a lack of evidence concerning effective prevention strategies. Displaying images of 'watching eyes' has been shown to make people behave in more socially desirable ways in a number of settings, but it is not yet clear if this effect can be exploited for purposes of crime prevention. We report the results of a simple intervention on a university campus where signs featuring watching eyes and a related verbal message were displayed above bicycle racks. Methodology and Principal Findings We installed durable signs at three locations which had experienced high levels of bicycle theft, and used the rest of the university campus as a control location. Reported thefts were monitored for 12 months before and after the intervention. Bicycle thefts decreased by 62% at the experimental locations, but increased by 65% in the control locations, suggesting that the signs were effective, but displaced offending to locations with no signs. The Odds Ratio for the effect of the intervention was 4.28 (95% confidence interval 2.04-8.98), a large effect compared to other place-based crime prevention interventions. Conclusions and Significance The effectiveness of this extremely cheap and simple intervention suggests that there can be considerable crime-reduction benefits to engaging the psychology of surveillance, even in the absence of surveillance itself. Simple interventions for high-crime locations based on this principle should be considered as an adjunct to other measures, although a possible negative consequence is displacement of offending Details: PLoS ONE 7(12): e51738. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051738 Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 15, 2015 at: http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0051738&representation=PDF Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0051738&representation=PDF Shelf Number: 136054 Keywords: Bicycle TheftSituational Crime Prevention |